Transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from donors negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) have been reported. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of recipients who received liver grafts from living related donors with serological evidence of previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive) after recipient vaccination against HBV before and after liver transplantation.