Lathyranone A (1), a novel diterpenoid with a rearrangement skeleton, along with a known diterpenoid, Euphorbia factor L(11) (2), was isolated from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris. The structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. A possible biosynthetic pathway for lathyranone A (1) was proposed.