The muscle metaboreflex is thought to be one of the neural mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular and respiratory adjustments to muscular activity. The afferent arm of the reflex is composed of thinly myelinated group III and unmyelinated group IV sensitive fibers. Such reflex arc had been extensively described in cats, dogs, rabbits and humans. However, results obtained in rats are controversial and the role of the afferent fibers from the tibialis anterior skeletal muscle has never been shown. The purpose of the present experiments was to study the responses of both respiratory and cardiovascular systems following activation of the metabosensitive fibers originating from tibialis anterior muscle in non decerebrated and non vagotomized barbituric anesthetized adult rats. Mean arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood flow, heart rate and phrenic nerve activity (frequency and amplitude) were monitored during electrically induced fatigue or after intramuscular injection of potassium chloride or lactic acid (specific stimuli of the group III and IV afferent fibers). The experiments were performed under normal condition, then after regional circulatory occlusion, which isolated and maintained the neural drive and abolished humoral communication and after section of the peroneal nerve innervating the tibialis anterior muscle. We showed that cardiorespiratory parameters were increased significantly in response to stimuli under normal conditions and after venous outflow occlusion excluding any participation of central chemoception. No change was observed after nerve section. Our data indicate that changes occurring in rat hindlimb muscle such as the tibialis anterior are sufficient to regulate the cardiorespiratory function via metabosensitive fiber activation.