Background: Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumours in infancy. Its trophoblastic origin is now confirmed and it would explain their increasing incidence that runs parallel to the more frequent use of fertilization in vitro techniques and the high rates of prematurity and twinning. It is not a coincidence that they appear more often in the face and its location is related to the merging lines of the facial embryonal buds. Nose tip, upper-eyelid and orbital regions are special areas that need a different approach in each case. Over the last years we changed our therapy protocol for these tumours, in an attempt to decrease the psychological, social and scholar impact in children.
Patients and methods: During the last 20 years, 36 patients with nasal tip hemangiomas underwent surgical treatment in our institution. We divided them into two groups, those treated between 1985 and 1992 (n=l1) and those treated between 1992 and 2005 (n=25). Traditionally, conservative management including close observation, corticosteroid therapy and finally surgical treatment of the sequelae, was proposed. Late surgical treatment was reserved for incompletely regressed or unsuccessfully treated facial tumours. Our more recent approach involves early surgical excision, in order to avoid psychological distress and cosmetics defects. Age at diagnosis, appearance at that moment, sort of treatment and time of surgical procedure were recorded to evaluate long-term results.
Results: In this paper we report our series of 36 patients, consisting of 26 females and 10 males, with a mean age of 5 +/- 2 months at the first visit. In 11 patients from the first period (1985-1992), corticosteroid therapy was applied waiting the spontaneous regression and they finally underwent delayed surgical treatment at a mean age of 8 years. In the remaining 25 patients treated in the second period, early surgical excision was carried out with a mean age of 3 years and before school age. Indications for corticosteroid therapy include uncontrolled growth and complications (ulceration).
Conclusions: The approach to management of nasal tip hemangiomas should be individualized and must take into account their depth, location, rate of involution and functional disturbance. Children age as well as psychological problems arising from the presence of proliferative hemangioma must be considered when deciding a surgical approach. Upon the high rates of scholar failure in children with deforming hemangiomas, the lack of response to medical therapy and the need of surgical treatment in all cases, our policy now it is to attempt surgical excision and reconstruction before school age. Based on data reported and on our own experience, we consider that very early surgical treatment improves quality of life of our patients and their families.