Observation Is Insufficient for Discovering that the Surface of Still Water Is Invariantly Horizontal

Science. 1973 Jul 13;181(4095):173-4. doi: 10.1126/science.181.4095.173.

Abstract

Among women college students who did not know that the surface of still water in a bottle is always horizontal, two types of specific task procedures designed to elicit self-discovery of the principle were ineffective. Failure to acquire the concept was reflected in inaccurate responses on the adjustment task and by inability of students to verbalize a correct strategy.