The use of radiation therapy in the radical treatment of prostate cancer can lead to potential acute and long-term toxicity and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) changes. Ongoing investigation into dose-escalation, dose-per-fraction escalation, new radiation treatment technology/paradigms, and novel systemic therapy may have either positive and/or negative effects on normal tissue toxicity/HRQoL. Herein, common toxicity scales and HRQoL instruments that attempt to describe the deleterious effects of prostate radiation therapy are reviewed.