Severe PCDD/F and PBDD/F pollution in air around an electronic waste dismantling area in China

Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Aug 15;41(16):5641-6. doi: 10.1021/es0702925.

Abstract

The presence of chlorinated and brominated compounds in electronic waste (EW) results in the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) during the EW dismantling process. In this study, we investigated the dioxins present in ambient air around the EW dismantling area Guiyu in Guangdong, China. Atmospheric PCDD/F (tetra to octa) abundances and toxic equivalent (TEQ) values were 64.9-2365 pg/m3 and 0.909-48.9 pg of W-TEQ/m3, respectively; these are the highest documented values of these compounds found in ambient air in the world. PBDD/Fs (eight 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners) were also found at high pollution levels (concentrations of 8.124-61 pg/m3 and 1.6-2104 pg of I-TEQ/m3). Profiles of the 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F homologues in the air of Guiyu differed from typical urban air patterns reported in the literature, and the concentration of homologues increased with the chlorination degree of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs except for OCDF. The severe dioxin pollution present in Guiyu substantially influences the adjacent area of Chendian, where atmospheric PCDD/F and 2,3,7,8-PBDD/F levels are higher than those of common urban areas in the world. Our tentative inhalation risk assessment showed that residents in Guiyu are at a high risk of exposure to dioxins. The total PCDD/F intake doses far exceed the WHO 1998 tolerable daily intake limit of 1-4 pg of W-TEQ kg(-1) day(-1).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Air Pollution / analysis*
  • Atmosphere / chemistry
  • Benzofurans / analysis*
  • China
  • Electronics*
  • Gases
  • Humans
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / analogs & derivatives*
  • Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / analysis
  • Refuse Disposal / methods*
  • Regression Analysis
  • Risk Assessment
  • Seasons

Substances

  • Benzofurans
  • Gases
  • Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
  • dibenzofuran