Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), represents the most important pest insect of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, in the Great Plains of the United States. Biotype E is the most widespread and dominant type not only in sorghum and wheat, Triticum aestivum L., fields, but also on many noncultivated grass species. This study was designed to determine sorghum accession PI 550610 resistance to greenbug biotype E, to map the resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by using an established simple sequence repeat (SSR) linkage map and to identify SSR markers closely linked to the major resistance QTLs. In greenhouse screening tests, seedlings of PI 550610 showed strong resistance to the greenbug at a level similar to resistant accession PI550607. For QTL mapping, one F2 population containing 277 progeny and one population containing 233 F2:3 families derived from Westland A line x PI 550610 were used to genotype 132 polymorphic SSR markers and to phenotype seedling resistance to greenbug feeding. Phenotypic evaluation of sorghum seedling damage at 7, 12, 17, and 21 d postinfestation in the F2:3 families revealed that resistance variation was normally distributed. Single marker analysis indicated 16 SSRs spread over five chromosomes were significant for greenbug resistance. Composite interval and multiple interval mapping procedures indicated that a major QTL resided in the interval of 6.8 cM between SSR markers Xtxp358 and Xtxp289 on SBI-09. The results will be valuable in the development of new greenbug biotype E resistant sorghum cultivars and for the further characterization of major genes by map-based cloning.