Abstract
After a primary series of 3 doses, it was found that a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine no longer reduces nasopharyngeal colonization by vaccine serotypes in children 5.3 years of age. In addition, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children (n=81) had a higher prevalence of colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (71.6% and 74.1%, respectively) than did HIV-uninfected children (n=271; 50.9% and 52.0%, respectively), suggesting that increased colonization may contribute to the greater burden of pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected children. Inverse associations between colonization by S. pneumoniae and colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and between colonization by S. aureus and colonization by H. influenzae were observed only in HIV-uninfected children, possibly as a result of suboptimal adaptive immunity after previous colonization in HIV-infected children.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / immunology
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / microbiology
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / prevention & control*
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Child
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Child, Preschool
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Female
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HIV Seronegativity
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Haemophilus Infections / prevention & control
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Haemophilus influenzae / drug effects*
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Haemophilus influenzae / isolation & purification
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Humans
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Male
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Nasopharynx / microbiology*
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Pneumococcal Infections / prevention & control
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Pneumococcal Vaccines / therapeutic use*
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Prevalence
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Staphylococcal Infections / prevention & control
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Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects*
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Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
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Streptococcus pneumoniae / drug effects*
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Streptococcus pneumoniae / isolation & purification
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Time Factors
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Vaccines, Conjugate / therapeutic use
Substances
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Pneumococcal Vaccines
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Vaccines, Conjugate