Comprehensive comparison of the interaction of the E2 master regulator with its cognate target DNA sites in 73 human papillomavirus types by sequence statistics

Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Feb;36(3):756-69. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkm1104. Epub 2007 Dec 15.

Abstract

Mucosal human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiological agents of oral, anal and genital cancer. Properties of high- and low-risk HPV types cannot be reduced to discrete molecular traits. The E2 protein regulates viral replication and transcription through a finely tuned interaction with four sites at the upstream regulatory region of the genome. A computational study of the E2-DNA interaction in all 73 types within the alpha papillomavirus genus, including all known mucosal types, indicates that E2 proteins have similar DNA discrimination properties. Differences in E2-DNA interaction among HPV types lie mostly in the target DNA sequence, as opposed to the amino acid sequence of the conserved DNA-binding alpha helix of E2. Sequence logos of natural and in vitro selected sites show an asymmetric pattern of conservation arising from indirect readout, and reveal evolutionary pressure for a putative methylation site. Based on DNA sequences only, we could predict differences in binding energies with a standard deviation of 0.64 kcal/mol. These energies cluster into six discrete affinity hierarchies and uncovered a fifth E2-binding site in the genome of six HPV types. Finally, certain distances between sites, affinity hierarchies and their eventual changes upon methylation, are statistically associated with high-risk types.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alphapapillomavirus / genetics*
  • Base Sequence
  • Binding Sites
  • Computational Biology
  • Conserved Sequence
  • CpG Islands
  • DNA Methylation
  • DNA, Viral / chemistry
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Data Interpretation, Statistical
  • Evolution, Molecular
  • Genomics
  • Oncogene Proteins, Viral / chemistry*
  • Oncogene Proteins, Viral / metabolism
  • Papillomavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Papillomavirus Infections / virology
  • Protein Binding
  • Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional*
  • Transcription Factors / chemistry*
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • DNA, Viral
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Oncogene Proteins, Viral
  • Transcription Factors
  • oncogene protein E2, Human papillomavirus type 18