Aluminium levels in infant formulae purchased in 1990 and prepared as for consumption were in the range 530 micrograms/l to 640 micrograms/l for soya-based products and 27 micrograms/l to 120 micrograms/l for cows' milk-based formulae. Mean aluminium concentrations in these soya and cows' milk-based samples were, on average, 37% and 45% lower, respectively, than those of the same brands purchased between 1985 and 1987. Levels of aluminium in breast milk were in the range 3 micrograms/l to 79 micrograms/l. In the case of retail cows' milk, values ranged from 4 micrograms/l to 33 micrograms/l whilst more variable amounts of between 5 micrograms/l and 285 micrograms/l were detected in retail soya milk.