We report a case of spontaneous hemoperitoneum due to rupture of an omental arterial aneurysm. This source of bleeding is unusual (2 cases published); the diagnosis was made preoperatively by doppler ultrasound and CT scan with IV contrast. Omental resection was performed and histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis. A literature review of the rare cases of hemoperitoneum due to rupture of a digestive arterial aneurysm is done.