In the year 2000, a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed and recommended for routine immunization of infants in the USA. During the following years, a number of studies documented the impact of this immunization program on rates of invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia and otitis media. This article aims to summarize current evidence on the population-based impact of this infant immunization program in the USA.