The compound Bi(cys)(3).H(2)O (cys=L-cysteine) has been obtained from the displacement reaction of [Bi(cit)](-) (cit=citrate) with cys in aqueous solution, and characterized by X-ray crystallography for the first time. It crystallizes in orthorhombic system with the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a=5.135(3)A, b=11.841(7)A, c=28.120(16)A, V=1709.8(17)A(3). The displacement reaction between bismuth citrate with cysteine in aqueous solution has been found to be pH-dependent and the complete displacement of the bound citrate with cysteine occurs at physiological pH value.