A previous study in subjects with focal dystonia suggested that the greater and longer-lasting effect induced by botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) on the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) than on the maximal M-wave (M-max) might be the physiological marker of the toxin's action at the level of intrafusal muscle fibres. With this approach, we investigated the possible effect of BoNT-A on fusimotor synapses in eight patients with post-stroke spasticity (four with no residual motor capacity before treatment and four with partially spared muscle strength and residual motor capacity). TVR and M-max were recorded from the wrist and finger flexor muscles before treatment and at 1, 4 and 7 months afterwards. The TVR reduction was greater than the M-max reduction and remained fairly constant over time only in the subjects with a residual motor capacity before the treatment. This pilot study suggests that some degree of strength and active movement is necessary for the action of BoNT-A on intrafusal fibres.