Doubting the TCR coreceptor function of CD8alphaalpha

Immunity. 2008 Feb;28(2):149-59. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.01.005.

Abstract

"The beginning of wisdom is found in doubting; by doubting we come to question, and by seeking we may come upon the truth." -Pierre Abélard. CD8 is a glycoprotein expressed on hematopoietic cells. Two isoforms of CD8, CD8alphabeta and CD8alphaalpha, have been identified that are distinct in their expression and function. Whereas CD8alphabeta serves as a T cell receptor (TCR) coreceptor to enhance the functional avidity and is constitutively expressed on MHC class I-restricted T cells, CD8alphaalpha marks T cells that are distinct from the conventional thymus-selected and MHC-restricted CD4(+) or CD8alphabeta(+) T cells. Inconsistent with a coreceptor function, CD8alphaalpha decreases antigen sensitivity of the TCR, and it can be transiently or permanently expressed on T cells, regardless of the MHC restriction of the TCR or the presence of conventional coreceptors. Together, these observations indicate that CD8alphaalpha on T cells marks a differentiation stage and that it likely functions as a TCR corepressor to negatively regulate T cell activation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CD3 Complex / immunology
  • CD3 Complex / metabolism
  • CD4 Antigens / immunology
  • CD4 Antigens / metabolism
  • CD8 Antigens / genetics
  • CD8 Antigens / immunology
  • CD8 Antigens / metabolism*
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / immunology
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Memory
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
  • Killer Cells, Natural / metabolism
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism*
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism
  • Thymus Gland / immunology

Substances

  • CD3 Complex
  • CD4 Antigens
  • CD8 Antigens
  • CD8 antigen, alpha chain
  • CD8alphabeta antigen
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell