A number of new endoscopic methods have been developed recently, which aim to allow the most accurate possible viewing of the mucosa of the digestive tract. These procedures include endoscopic cytoscopy, which together with confocal endoscopy is a technique of so-called endoscopic microscopy. By means of enodcytoscopy it is possible to view "in vivo" the morphological details of the surface of the mucosa of the digestive tract. The mucosa must, however, be thoroughly cleaned and stained with methylene blue. The paper presents our own initial experience of this method, which may lead to faster and more accurate diagnosis of pre-tumorous or tumourous inflammation processes in the mucosa of the digestive tract.