Total synthesis of the strychnos alkaloid (+)-minfiensine: tandem enantioselective intramolecular Heck-iminium ion cyclization

J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Apr 16;130(15):5368-77. doi: 10.1021/ja800163v. Epub 2008 Feb 28.

Abstract

A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9a,4a-(iminoethano)-9H-carbazole (4) is a central structural feature of the Strychnos alkaloid minfiensine (1) and akuammiline alkaloids such as vincorine (5) and echitamine (6). A cascade catalytic asymmetric Heck-iminium cyclization was developed that rapidly provides 3,4-dihydro-9a,4a-(iminoethano)-9H-carbazoles in high enantiomeric purity. Two sequences were developed for advancing 3,4-dihydro-9a,4a-(iminoethano)-9H-carbazole 27 to (+)-minfiensine. In our first-generation approach, a reductive Heck cyclization was employed to form the fifth ring of (+)-minfiensine. In a second more concise total synthesis, an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate vinyl iodide coupling was employed to construct the final ring of (+)-minfiensine. This second-generation total synthesis of enantiopure (+)-minfiensine was accomplished in 6.5% overall yield and 15 steps from 1,2-cyclohexanedione and anisidine 13. A distinctive feature of this sequence is the use of palladium-catalyzed reactions to form all carbon-carbon bonds in the transformation of these simple precursors to (+)-minfiensine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alkaloids / chemical synthesis*
  • Alkaloids / chemistry
  • Carbazoles / chemical synthesis*
  • Carbazoles / chemistry
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Cyclization
  • Cycloparaffins / chemistry
  • Epoxy Compounds / chemistry
  • Imines / chemistry*
  • Ions / chemistry
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Strychnos / chemistry*

Substances

  • Alkaloids
  • Carbazoles
  • Cycloparaffins
  • Epoxy Compounds
  • Imines
  • Ions
  • minfiensine