Evidence suggests that exercise during treatment and in recovery from cancer appears to be safe and effective for promoting physical health and well being. However, limited evidence exists on the physiological adaptations resulting from exercise training during or following treatment for urologic cancers. Determining physiological adaptations from exercise in individuals with urologic cancers would enable the development of safe and effective guidelines for exercise testing and training. This article reviews current studies on exercise and urologic cancers, and provides suggestions for exercise testing and training during or following treatment.