We conducted a nationwide survey to investigate reasons for influenza vaccine uptake or refusal among health-care workers (HCWs) in Greece. Vaccination rates increased with increasing age, and among HCWs working in Northern Greece, in direct contact with patients, and with influenza vaccination in the past. Self-protection was the main reason for vaccination (89.1%), whereas 55.2% of HCWs reported vaccination to protect patients. Main reasons for refusing vaccination were perception of not being at risk for influenza (43.2%) and fear of vaccine adverse effects (33.4%).