Treatment with erlotinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptors, has significantly improved the overall survival rate and quality of life in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had failed the standard first- or second-line chemotherapy. In Clinical hospital for lung diseases "Jordanovac" a total of 36 patients were treated with erlotinib. The response rate was as follows: in four patients (11%) complete response was achieved, in five (4%) partial response, while fourteen patients (39%) had stable disease. Hence, the evident clinical benefit of treatment with erlotinib was registered in 23 patients (64%) altogether. The treatment was well tolerated and it was not associated with significant toxicity. Our results confirm the antitumour efficacy of erlotinib and show a clear treatment benefit for patients with non-small cell lung cancer in our country.