Structural determinants for affinity enhancement of a dual antagonist peptide entry inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type-1

J Med Chem. 2008 May 8;51(9):2638-47. doi: 10.1021/jm070814r. Epub 2008 Apr 11.

Abstract

Structure-activity correlations were investigated for substituted peptide conjugates that function as dual receptor site antagonists of HIV-1 gp120. A series of peptide conjugates were constructed via click reaction of both aryl and alkyl acetylenes with an internally incorporated azidoproline 6 derived from the parent peptide 1 (12p1, RINNIPWSEAMM). Compared to 1, many of these conjugates were found to exhibit several orders of magnitude increase in both affinity for HIV-1 gp120 and inhibition potencies at both the CD4 and coreceptor binding sites of gp120. We sought to determine structural factors in the added triazole grouping responsible for the increased binding affinity and antiviral activity of the dual inhibitor conjugates. We measured peptide conjugate potencies in both kinetic and cell infection assays. High affinity was sterically specific, being exhibited by the cis- but not the trans-triazole. The results demonstrate that aromatic, hydrophobic, and steric features in the residue 6 side-chain are important for increased affinity and inhibition. Optimizing these features provides a basis for developing gp120 dual inhibitors into peptidomimetic and increasingly smaller molecular weight entry antagonist leads.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Anti-HIV Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / metabolism
  • Binding Sites
  • CD4 Antigens / immunology
  • CD4 Antigens / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • HIV Antibodies / metabolism
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / metabolism
  • HIV-1 / drug effects*
  • HIV-1 / immunology
  • HIV-1 / physiology
  • Humans
  • Molecular Mimicry
  • Peptides / chemical synthesis*
  • Peptides / chemistry
  • Peptides / pharmacology
  • Protein Binding
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Triazoles / chemical synthesis*
  • Triazoles / chemistry
  • Triazoles / pharmacology
  • Virus Internalization / drug effects*

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • CD4 Antigens
  • HIV Antibodies
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120
  • Peptides
  • Triazoles
  • gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1