Cu and Zn concentration gradients created by dilution of pH neutral metal-spiked marine sediment: a comparison of sediment geochemistry with direct methods of metal addition

Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Apr 15;42(8):2912-8. doi: 10.1021/es702673w.

Abstract

The geochemistry of artificially metal contaminated sediments prepared using three methods of metal-spiking was compared in this study. Marine sediments with a gradient of Cu and Zn concentrations were prepared by direct-spiking without and with pH-adjustment to pH 7, and also by serial dilution of direct-spiked sediment (4000 microg g(-1), pH 7 adjusted) with uncontaminated sediment. Porewater concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in direct-spiked sediments without pH adjustment were orders of magnitude higher than the equivalent sediments adjusted to pH 7 or those prepared by the serial dilution method. Despite pH-adjustment, porewater Cu and Zn concentrations of direct-spiked sediment remained higher than concentrations observed within metal-contaminated natural sediment. The serial dilution of metal-spiked, pH-adjusted sediment substantially decreased Cu and Zn partitioning to the dissolved phase, and minimized the variation of potential competitive ions (H+, Fe2+, Mn2+) over the entire gradient of spiked Cu and Zn concentrations. Metal concentration gradients created using serial dilution of Cu- and Zn-spiked, pH-adjusted sediments produced porewater Cu or Zn, Fe, and Mn concentrations that resemble sediment-porewater partitioning (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) typical of metal-contaminated natural sediments. This method is recommended for whole-sediment toxicology studies.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Geologic Sediments / chemistry*
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Metals, Heavy / analysis*
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Porosity
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*

Substances

  • Metals, Heavy
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical