Colorectal cancer is one of the most common human malignancies. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment but cancer recurrences (locoregional or distant) are associated with a poor prognosis. Follow-up is of particular importance in the three-years after surgery and various strategies have been purposed in the surveillance of patients after curative resection for colorectal cancer. The objective is to diagnose a recurrence at the earliest possible stage, enabling a second curative treatment. Optimal strategy for follow-up remains controversial. Results from randomized trials comparing low intensity programs and intensive programs of colorectal cancer surveillance are insufficient to recommend a follow-up strategy. To update recommendations for surveillance of colorectal cancer, larger prospective randomized studies are required.