Abstract
Transplantation of cells, tissues and vascularized solid organs is a successful therapeutic intervention for many end-stage chronic diseases. The combination of co-stimulatory blockade with the delivery of negative signals to T cells through co-inhibitory receptors would provide a robust approach to modulating T-cell receptor signaling and improving alloantigen-specific control of transplant rejection. This approach based on fundamental knowledge of APC/T-cell interactions may complement conventional therapies in the near future to reinforce long-term allograft survival, and permit minimal immunosuppression. The focus of this review was primarily on two major co-inhibitory signaling pathways, namely PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 and BTLA/CD160/HVEM/LIGHT that have been thoroughly characterized in murine models of transplantation using genetically modified mice, specific monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / pharmacology
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Antigen-Presenting Cells / immunology*
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Antigens, CD / immunology
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Antigens, CD / physiology*
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Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / physiology*
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B7 Antigens
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B7-1 Antigen / immunology
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B7-H1 Antigen
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Graft Rejection / immunology
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Humans
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / physiology
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Mice
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
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Receptors, Immunologic / immunology
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14 / immunology
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Signal Transduction / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / drug effects
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
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Transplantation Immunology / immunology*
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antigens, CD
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Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
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B7 Antigens
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B7-1 Antigen
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B7-H1 Antigen
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CD274 protein, human
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CD276 protein, human
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Cd276 protein, mouse
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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PDCD1 protein, human
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PDCD1LG2 protein, human
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Pdcd1lg2 protein, mouse
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
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Receptors, Immunologic
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Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14
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TNFRSF14 protein, human