Background and aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis is one of the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) and a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV recurrence after LT is universal. This study evaluated HCV recurrence and survival in patients transplanted for HCV and HCC.
Methods: We evaluated all adults transplanted for HCV cirrhosis between January 1999 and December 2006, HCC was diagnosed on the explant and HCV recurrence confirmed on protocol liver biopsies performed at 6 months and yearly after LT. The sustained viral response (SVR) was defined as HCV-RNA undetectable at 6 months after therapy discontinuation. The patient survival rates were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and the chi-square test was used when appropriate.
Results: Two hundred sixteen patients underwent LT for HCV including 153 men and 63 women of mean age 54 years with a mean follow-up of 35 months. There were 71 (33%) HCC(+) patients. At 1, 3, and 5 years from LT severe fibrosis (Scheuer 3-4) due to the HCV recurrence was reported in 18%, 14%, and 11% for HCC(+) and 14%, 16%, and 28% for HCC(-) patients respectively (P=NS). HCC recurred only in 3 (4%) patients at a mean follow-up of 3 years. Patients who received antiviral treatment after LT were 10% HCC(+) and 12% HCC(-) patients (P=NS). SVR was seen in 3/7 (43%) of HCC(+) and in 10/18 (55%) of HCC(-) patients (P=NS). At 1, 3, and 5 years the patient survivals was 91%, 86%, and 86% for HCC(+) and 94%, 86%, and 83% for HCC(-) patients, respectively (P=NS).
Conclusions: Severe fibrosis due to HCV recurrence, which increases over time, involves one third of transplanted patients at 5 years after LT. The long-term survival was identical among HCC(+) compared to HCC(-) recipients. The recurrence of HCC was negligible and did not affect patient survival.