Models of toxic beta-sheet channels of protegrin-1 suggest a common subunit organization motif shared with toxic alzheimer beta-amyloid ion channels

Biophys J. 2008 Nov 15;95(10):4631-42. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.108.134551. Epub 2008 Aug 15.

Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) induce cytotoxicity by altering membrane permeability. The electrical properties of membrane-associated AMPs as well as their cellular effects have been extensively documented; however their three-dimensional structure is poorly understood. Gaining insight into channel structures is important to the understanding of the protegrin-1 (PG-1) and other AMP cytolytic mechanisms, and to antibiotics design. We studied the beta-sheet channels morphology using molecular dynamics simulations. We modeled PG-1 channels as intrinsic barrel-stave and toroidal membrane pores, and simulated them in zwitterionic and anionic lipid bilayers. PG-1 channels consist of eight beta-hairpins in a consecutive NCCN (N and C represent the beta-hairpin's N- and C-termini) packing organization yielding antiparallel and parallel beta-sheet channels. Both channels preserve the toroidal, but not the barrel-stave pores. The two lipid leaflets of the bilayer bend toward each other at the channels' edges, producing a semitoroidal pore with the outward-pointing hydrophobic residues preventing the polar lipid headgroups from moving to the bilayer center. In all simulated lipid environments, PG-1 channels divide into four or five beta-sheet subunits consisting of single or dimeric beta-hairpins. The channel morphology with subunit organization is consistent with the four to five subunits observed by NMR in the POPE/POPG bilayer. Remarkably, a beta-sheet subunit channel motif is in agreement with Alzheimer ion channels modeled using the universal U-shape beta-strand-turn-beta-strand structure, as well as with high resolution atomic force microscopy images of beta-amyloid channels with four to six subunits. Consistent with the toxic beta-amyloid channels that are ion-conducting, the PG-1 channels permeate anions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Motifs
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / chemistry*
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / ultrastructure*
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / chemistry*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Ion Channels / chemistry*
  • Ion Channels / ultrastructure*
  • Models, Chemical*
  • Models, Molecular*
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Subunits

Substances

  • Amyloid beta-Peptides
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
  • Ion Channels
  • Protein Subunits
  • protegrin-1