Many pathogens are thought to be involved in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanism of kidney damage due to infection includes direct invasion of pathogens and deposition of antigen-antibody complex by immunological reaction. As to renal dysfunction induced by bacterial infection, some cases of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis present progressive decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-related glomerulonephritis and infectious endocarditis are known to cause acute renal failure, which clinicians often find difficulty in the treatment. Chronic pyelonephritis by repetitive vesicoureteral reflux or nephrolithiasis also cannot be disregarded. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the most recognized etiology of virus associated nephropathy, and the representative histological changes are membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, respectively. Furthermore, morbidity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated nephropathy is increasing, reflecting the prolonged survival of HIV-infected patients. Thorough preventive/therapeutic strategies should be taken against these infections for improving clinical outcome.