Palifermin-induced flexural hyperpigmentation: a clinical and histological study of five cases

Br J Dermatol. 2008 Nov;159(5):1200-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08816.x. Epub 2008 Sep 15.

Abstract

Palifermin is a human keratinocyte growth factor that is efficacious in reducing duration and severity of oral mucositis during autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for haematological cancer as well as chemotherapy for colorectal cancers. We report the clinical and histological characteristics of a series of five patients who developed flexural hyperpigmentation after treatment with palifermin. All patients showed ill-defined symmetrical hyperpigmented papillomatous plaques with slight erythema in the skin folds, especially affecting axillary and inguinal areas. The most striking histological finding was the thickened granular layer in all patients. We demonstrate that filaggrin, an essential component in the terminal differentiation of the epidermis, was upregulated in these cases. Palifermin-induced flexural hyperpigmentation is a newly defined clinical and histological entity. The possible aetiology is discussed.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Axilla / pathology
  • Female
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 / adverse effects*
  • Filaggrin Proteins
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Hyperpigmentation / chemically induced*
  • Hyperpigmentation / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Stomatitis / prevention & control

Substances

  • FLG protein, human
  • Filaggrin Proteins
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 7