Fusion-pore expansion during syncytium formation is restricted by an actin network

J Cell Sci. 2008 Nov 1;121(Pt 21):3619-28. doi: 10.1242/jcs.032169.

Abstract

Cell-cell fusion in animal development and in pathophysiology involves expansion of nascent fusion pores formed by protein fusogens to yield an open lumen of cell-size diameter. Here we explored the enlargement of micron-scale pores in syncytium formation, which was initiated by a well-characterized fusogen baculovirus gp64. Radial expansion of a single or, more often, of multiple fusion pores proceeds without loss of membrane material in the tight contact zone. Pore growth requires cell metabolism and is accompanied by a local disassembly of the actin cortex under the pores. Effects of actin-modifying agents indicate that the actin cortex slows down pore expansion. We propose that the growth of the strongly bent fusion-pore rim is restricted by a dynamic resistance of the actin network and driven by membrane-bending proteins that are involved in the generation of highly curved intracellular membrane compartments.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

  • Actins / chemistry
  • Actins / metabolism
  • Actins / physiology*
  • Animals
  • Baculoviridae / metabolism
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / pharmacology
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Cellular Structures / metabolism
  • Cytoskeleton / metabolism
  • Depsipeptides / pharmacology
  • Giant Cells / metabolism*
  • Insecta
  • Membrane Fusion / physiology
  • Microscopy, Confocal / methods
  • Models, Biological
  • Thiazolidines / pharmacology

Substances

  • Actins
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
  • Depsipeptides
  • Thiazolidines
  • jasplakinolide
  • latrunculin A