Calculating HIV-1 infectious titre using a virtual TCID(50) method

Methods Mol Biol. 2009:485:27-35. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-170-3_3.

Abstract

Studies of HIV-1 replication kinetics and fitness require an accurate determination of the level of infectious HIV-1 present in virus stocks. The standard technique for measuring the level of replication-competent infectious virus in culture supernatants or patient samples is the tissue culture dose for 50% infectivity (TCID(50)), which provides an accurate assessment of the level of infectious HIV-1. However, it is a time-consuming technique which typically takes two or more weeks to complete and requires PHA-stimulated PBMC from HIV-1 seronegative donors or an appropriate cell line. Thus rapid, cell-free surrogate measures for TCID(50) are desirable. Here, we introduce the virtual TCID(50) technique: a new cell-free method estimating a surrogate of infectious titer by comparing the reverse transcriptase activity in virus stock to that of reference viruses with a known TCID(50) value. We have demonstrated that the virtual TCID(50) obtained through this technique is comparable to the actual infectious TCID(50). This method greatly simplifies the process of accurate HIV-1 titration and is particularly beneficial for studies which require titration of large number of HIV-1 isolates.

MeSH terms

  • Cells, Cultured
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase / metabolism*
  • HIV-1 / enzymology
  • HIV-1 / pathogenicity*
  • Humans
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear
  • Reference Standards
  • Virology / methods*

Substances

  • reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase