Abstract
The preventative effects of the ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum against the ovariectomized (Ovx)-induced deterioration of bone density in 11-week-old female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were investigated. The results showed that the G. lucidum-treated Ovx rats showed improved bone density compared with the Ovx rats. We studied the effects of G. lucidum on osteoclastic differentiation using bone marrow cells and RAW 264 cell D-clone (RAW-D). Differentiation, in response to receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), was inhibited by the ethanol extracts of G. lucidum and ganoderic acid DM which was isolated as one of the active compounds by bioassay-guided fractionation. Ganoderic acid DM especially suppresses the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). This suppression leads to the inhibition of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) expression and reduces osteoclast fusion.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Bone Density / drug effects
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Cell Differentiation / drug effects*
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Cell Fusion
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Dendritic Cells / drug effects
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Dendritic Cells / metabolism
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
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Male
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Membrane Proteins / genetics
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Membrane Proteins / metabolism
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NFATC Transcription Factors / genetics
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NFATC Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Osteoclasts / cytology*
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Osteoclasts / drug effects*
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Osteoclasts / metabolism
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Osteogenesis / drug effects
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Ovariectomy
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Plant Extracts / chemistry
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Plant Extracts / isolation & purification
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Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / metabolism
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RANK Ligand / antagonists & inhibitors
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Rats
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Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Reishi / chemistry*
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Triterpenes / isolation & purification
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Triterpenes / pharmacology*
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / antagonists & inhibitors
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology
Substances
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Membrane Proteins
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NFATC Transcription Factors
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Plant Extracts
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
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RANK Ligand
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Triterpenes
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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ganoderic acid D
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ganoderic acid Me