The aim of the study reported herein was to determine whether panel-reactive antibody (PRA) and FcgammaR gene polymorphism act in the same way on acute rejection (AR) and chronic rejection (CR) in children who have undergone renal transplantation. The study evaluated 56 children who underwent transplantation and 115 healthy subjects. AR was observed in 13 cases; CR was observed in 7 patients. The assessment for FcgammaR of the groups in which AR was present showed statistical significance only for the FcgammaIIA genotype. There was no statistical significance for either the FcgammaIIIA or FcgammaIIIB genotypes. Assessment of the FcgammaIIA, IIIA, and IIIB genotypes of the groups in whom CR was present did not show statistical significance. As a result, the prediction of graft survival among transplant recipients is possible using molecular biology. The results of our study showed that individuals of the FcgammaRIIA genotype seemed to have a poorer prognosis similar to some autoimmune diseases. These individuals constitute a risk group for AR. If other studies are conducted with more patients to demonstrate the relationship of other FcgammaRs to rejection, the resultant predictive knowledge about the value of genotypes may lead to improved outcomes following renal transplantation.