Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a disorder of visual hallucinations typically occurring in older patients with visual impairment or deafferentation of the visual cortex. In this paper, which reviews the relevant literature, the aetiologies, pathophysiology, and treatment of CBS are discussed. It is suggested that the ageing of the population, associated with an increased occurrence of vision and cerebral disorders, is leading to an increase in the incidence of CBS.