Organizations both in the United States and globally have advocated for screening for chronic kidney disease with a urine test for proteinuria followed by subsequent testing with creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate determinations. Screening for a disease, such as chronic kidney disease, can have value, but a decision to screen is not a trivial decision. Criteria must be met to balance the aggregate benefits with the risks and costs of a screening test. We discuss how screening for chronic kidney disease meets many of these criteria, but also how the populations to which it is applied must be targeted and the strategies for testing must be clearly defined.