Abstract
Adaptation to low oxygen conditions is essential for maintaining homeostasis and viability in oxygen-consuming multi-cellular tissues, including solid tumors. Central in these processes are the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2, controlling genes involved in e.g. glucose metabolism and neovascularization. Tumor hypoxia and HIF expression have also been associated with a dedifferentiated phenotype and increased aggressiveness. In this report we show that the MAX interactor-1 (MXI1) gene is directly regulated by HIF proteins in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. HIF-binding and transactivation were detected within MXI1 gene regulatory sequences in the vicinity of the MXI1-0 promoter, leading to rapid induction of the alternate MXI1-0 isoform followed by a long-term induction of both the MXI1-0 and MXI1 isoforms. Importantly, knock-down of MXI1 had limited effect on MYC/MYCN activity under hypoxia, an observation that might be related to the different functional attributes of the two MXI1 isoforms.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Base Sequence
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / antagonists & inhibitors
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / biosynthesis*
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / genetics*
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Breast Neoplasms / genetics
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Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
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Cell Hypoxia / genetics
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Cell Hypoxia / physiology
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Genes, Tumor Suppressor
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Genes, myc
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Humans
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / antagonists & inhibitors
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / genetics
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism*
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Neuroblastoma / genetics*
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Neuroblastoma / metabolism*
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Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
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Transfection
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins / biosynthesis*
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics*
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Up-Regulation
Substances
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
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HIF1A protein, human
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
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MXI1 protein, human
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RNA, Small Interfering
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins