Identification of prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma is very important today for three goals: providing patient information, giving appropriate treatments and selecting patients for adapted treatment schedules as well as new clinical trials. Prognostic factors in RCC include: anatomical (TNM classification), histological (Fuhrmann grade and histological subtype), clinical (symptoms and performance status) and molecular factors. For improving predicative accuracy of prognostic systems such as the TNM classification, new prognostic algorithms or nomograms have been designed combining independent prognostic variables. UISS and SSIGN are the 2 most effective prognostic systems within localized RCC. In metastatic disease, the two main systems that have been used for predicting response to immunotherapy are the model of the French Group of Immunotherapy and the Motzer model. With the arrivals of new molecular factors, these systems will perhaps have to evaluate: these new systems will require further validation as part of large prospective clinical trials.