According to the recent data lung cancer in Czech republic is the most common malignancy in men (incidence 93/100 000) and is the leading cause of cancer death in men (mortality 90/100 000). In women is the incidence of lung cancer 30/100 000. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 70% to 75% of all lung cancers, while small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 25% to 30% of cases. These two types of lung cance have a different biological characteristics which leads to a different approach in the treatment of NSCLC and SCLC. The treatment of NSCLC is based on clinical stage of disease and different treatment modalities alone or in combination are used: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and recently a novel treatment strategy--targeted therapy with biologic agents.