700 bronchial endoscopies were performed over a period of three years at the Dakar "Hôpital Principal". 40 bronchopulmonary cancers were identified (34 epidermoid, 4 adenocarcinoma, 2 with "small cells") out of 80 suspect cases. When we examine the clinical, radiological, endoscopic features, we are able to classify the following as the most established facts: 1. Higher radiological frequency of the pulmonary retractile condensation syndrome (40 cases). 2. Main frequency of proximal granulated tumors (45) in comparison with endoscopic bronchial stenosis (22). 3. Identification almost exclusive of bronchial epidermoid cancer in that series (34). 4. Male sex and smoking are two unequivocal elements of that pathology. Bronchial endoscopy, absolutely necessary test easy to perform and to get, enables to visualize a lesion and to bring forward the indisputable histological evidence through the biopsy either alone or associated with endoscopic brushing and alveolar washing.