Introduction: Neurological manifestations of celiac disease are rare and polymorphic. Similar to lesions of the digestive tract, the standard treatment includes steroids.
Case report: A 41-year-old woman, followed up for celiac disease resistant to gluten-free diet, developed rapidly spastic paraparesis, cerebellar syndrome, horizontal diplopia and decline of visual acuity. The diagnosis of neurological complications of celiac disease was established and the patient was treated with methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisone. For 9 years, the patient's neurological status remained stabilized with a prednisone dose at 20mg per day. The patient relapsed when progressive reduction of prednisone dose was attempted; neurological and gastrointestinal signs worsening at 15mg per day; increasing the dose to 30mg improved the clinical status.
Discussion: The mechanism of onset of neurological disease remains unknown. Immunological, nutritional, toxic or metabolic factors could be involved. The positive response to corticosteroids observed in this patient suggest an immunological mechanism.