Dedifferentiation of cells has elicited a great deal of attention in the field of cell biology. A great quantity of studies have proved that many types of cells, such as neuron, Schwann cell, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, etc., within mammalian nervous system could dedifferentiate in different extent, featured in cell becoming immature, reentering cell cycle and regaining pluripotential. This review concerns on dedifferentiation of various types of cells within mammalian nervous system and inducing conditions, as well as its effect on neural regeneration.