During the 16 years since the World Health Organization declared tuberculosis (TB) a global emergency, major new challenges have emerged-in particular the spread of extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB and its overlap with human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, during this period, we have also witnessed the creation of-and major commitments from-agencies dedicated to TB control, research, and funding, and tangible positive achievements have occurred; these include improvements in both new and existing TB diagnostics, a developmental pipeline of new candidate TB drugs, better treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant TB and XDR-TB, heightened recognition of the importance of nosocomial transmission, and improved strategies to reduce mortality associated with concurrent human immunodeficiency virus infection and TB. We suggest updates to the 2006 International Standards of Tuberculosis Care to embrace these developments. The incorporation of these recent advances into optimized directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS), programs, in conjunction with more widespread deployment and enhanced political will, all provide grounds for improved control.