Abstract
Hyperglycemic status may be rarely complicated by Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) that usually responds to metabolic normalization. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab) play a pivotal role in the autoimmune process that leads to clinical onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). GAD-Ab have been recently reported in association with rare forms of refractory epilepsy, with or without association to T1DM. Here we describe a young patient who developed EPC five months after T1DM onset; GAD-Ab were detected in his cerebrospinal fluid with evidence of oligoclonal bands. His epileptic disorder evolved over time into drug-resistant epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow sleep and severe behavioral impairment. The role of both metabolic imbalance and GAD autoimmunity is discussed.
MeSH terms
-
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / cerebrospinal fluid
-
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / complications
-
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / physiopathology
-
Autoantibodies / cerebrospinal fluid
-
Brain / pathology
-
Brain / physiopathology*
-
Child, Preschool
-
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / cerebrospinal fluid*
-
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications
-
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology*
-
Disease Progression
-
Electroencephalography
-
Electromyography
-
Epilepsia Partialis Continua / cerebrospinal fluid*
-
Epilepsia Partialis Continua / complications
-
Epilepsia Partialis Continua / physiopathology*
-
Glutamate Decarboxylase / immunology
-
Humans
-
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
-
Male
-
Oligoclonal Bands / cerebrospinal fluid
-
Sleep / physiology*
-
Time Factors
Substances
-
Autoantibodies
-
Oligoclonal Bands
-
Glutamate Decarboxylase