Visual disturbance including visual loss is a rare but devastating complication after non-ophthalmic surgery. Reported incidence of visual disturbances ranged from 0.028 to 0.2% after spine surgery and from 0.0009 to 25.6% after cardiac surgery. Ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, and cortical blindness can be involved as an etiology. After spine surgery, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy is most prevalent and risk factors included prone surgery, long operative time, massive hemorrhage and anemia. After cardiac surgery, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is most prevalent and risk factors included age, diabetes, long cardiopulmonary bypass time and anemia. Anesthesiologists and surgeons should be aware of this complication and further investigations regarding etiology, prevention and managements on postoperative visual disturbances would be required.