Abstract
Organizing centers in the developing brain provide an assortment of instructive patterning cues, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh). Here we characterize the forebrain phenotype caused by loss of Ttc21b, a gene we identified in an ENU mutagenesis screen as a novel ciliary gene required for retrograde intraflagellar transport. The Ttc21b mutant has defects in limb, eye and, most dramatically, brain development. We show that Shh signaling is elevated in the rostral portion of the mutant embryo, including in a domain in or near the zona limitans intrathalamica. We demonstrate here that ciliary defects seen in the Ttc21b mutant extend to the embryonic brain, adding forebrain development to the spectrum of tissues affected by defects in ciliary physiology. We show that development of the Ttc21b brain phenotype is modified by lowering levels of the Shh ligand, supporting our hypothesis that the abnormal patterning is a consequence of elevated Shh signaling. Finally, we evaluate Wnt signaling but do not find evidence that this plays a role in causing the perturbed neurodevelopmental phenotype we describe.
Publication types
-
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
-
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / genetics
-
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / metabolism*
-
Animals
-
Body Patterning / physiology
-
Embryo, Mammalian* / abnormalities
-
Embryo, Mammalian* / anatomy & histology
-
Embryo, Mammalian* / physiology
-
Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 / genetics
-
Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 / metabolism
-
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
-
Hedgehog Proteins / genetics
-
Hedgehog Proteins / metabolism*
-
Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / genetics
-
Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / metabolism
-
Mice
-
Morphogenesis / physiology*
-
Mutation*
-
Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics
-
Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism
-
Phenotype
-
Prosencephalon* / anatomy & histology
-
Prosencephalon* / embryology
-
Prosencephalon* / metabolism
-
Signal Transduction / physiology
-
Wnt Proteins / genetics
-
Wnt Proteins / metabolism
-
Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
Substances
-
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
-
Fgf8 protein, mouse
-
Gli3 protein, mouse
-
Hedgehog Proteins
-
Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
-
Nerve Tissue Proteins
-
Shh protein, mouse
-
Ttc21b protein, mouse
-
Wnt Proteins
-
Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
-
Fibroblast Growth Factor 8