Microsurgical removal of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) is often subtotal. Removing the blind spots as viewed through the microscope, endoscopic surgery may improve the quality of removal. Our purpose was to compare the results of the two techniques in a series of NFPA patients operated on by a single surgeon. Thirty-six patients with newly diagnosed NFPAs were operated on using a purely endoscopic procedure and 29 with a microsurgical technique. All patients were explored pre- and postoperatively (at 3 and 6 months and then every 12 months) by endocrine assays, ophthalmologic exam, and 3D MRI. The endocrine and ophthalmologic results as well as the quality of resection and the complications from the two techniques were compared. The follow-up duration and the mean tumor volume (higher in the microsurgical group) were the only differences observed between the two groups. Tumor height and the invasion of the cavernous sinus were not different. All patients with preoperative visual impairment in the endoscopic group improved, whereas in the microsurgical group 90.9% improved, 4.5% were stabilized, and 4.5% worsened (p=ns). Regarding anterior pituitary functions, 42.8% of the patients improved in the endoscopic group, 45.7% remained stable, and 11.4% worsened compared to, respectively, 31, 44,8, and 24.1% in the microsurgical group (p=ns). Gross total removal was achieved in 86.1% for the endoscopic group and in only 65.5% for the microsurgical group (p=0.075). Morbidity was similar in the two groups. This retrospective series showed that endoscopic surgery compared to microsurgery increases the quality of NFPA removal with similar morbidity.