Abstract
Limbic encephalitis (LE) associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab) is rare. We describe a 30-year-old male with acute LE and GAD-Ab, with follow-up during 2 years of cognitive status including verbal episodic memory, number of seizures recorded by high-resolution video-EEG, brain MRI, 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET and GAD-Ab titres. Treatment with corticosteroids, IV immunoglobulins, immunosuppressors and antiepileptic drugs resulted in improved memory status, disappearance of seizures and decreased GAD-Ab titres. Review of the other cases of literature and this case is in favour of the existence of autoimmune LE associated with GAD-Ab and supports the link between memory, temporal seizures and possibly GAD-Ab titres.
MeSH terms
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Acute Disease
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Adult
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
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Autoantibodies / analysis
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Autoantibodies / blood*
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Biomarkers / analysis
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Biomarkers / blood
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Electroencephalography
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Epilepsy / enzymology
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Epilepsy / immunology
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Epilepsy / physiopathology
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Glutamate Decarboxylase / immunology*
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Humans
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Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
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Limbic Encephalitis / enzymology*
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Limbic Encephalitis / immunology*
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Limbic Encephalitis / physiopathology
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Male
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Memory Disorders / enzymology
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Memory Disorders / immunology
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Memory Disorders / physiopathology
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Neuropsychological Tests
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Positron-Emission Tomography
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Sensitivity and Specificity
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gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / biosynthesis
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Autoantibodies
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Biomarkers
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Immunosuppressive Agents
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gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
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Glutamate Decarboxylase
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glutamate decarboxylase 2