Introduction: Transient, recurrent or permanent causes of hydrocephalus in children are usually due to tumours, cerebral bleeding or colloid cysts and complications of infectious meningitis or secondary to poisoning. Recurrent, obstructive hydrocephalus is very rare.
Case report: We report a 4-month-old boy who suffered at least three different episodes of obstructive hydrocephalus presumably caused by intermittent valvular blockage of the normal aqueduct cerebrospinal flow as indirectly demonstrated by serial standard and dynamic brain imaging studies. In addition, he had congenital left hydronephrosis secondary to congenital ureteropelvic junction stenosis. The child underwent an endoscopic third ventriculostomy with only transient post-surgical complications (i.e. central diabetes insipidus).
Discussion: The neurological symptoms rapidly improved after surgery, and the child is currently doing well with normal psychomotor development.