Thrombocytopenia in small for gestational age (SGA) newborns may be due to placental vascular pathology, fetal consumptive coagulopathy and platelet destruction, local imbalance of thromboxane A2 causing placental vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Thrombopoiesis in SGA newborns is poorly recognized. In 61 SGA newborns we evaluated thrombocytopoiesis in relation to gender and the rate maturity expressed as <5th percentile and <10th percentile. Female newborns demonstrated higher thrombopoietin (TPO) level at 92.06 pg/ml than male newborns at 79.81 pg/ml. Newborns less developed <5th percentile, showed increased TPO level of 92.0 pg/ml in comparison to <10th percentile of 78.0 pg/ml. This observation is more pronounced in female newborns. Contrary to our expectations we did not find any statistically significant differences in the percentage of reticulated platelets (PLRET) and platelets count in relation to gender and <5th percentile or <10th percentile. We can postulate intrauterine hypoxia is responsible for the increase of erythropoietin and impairment of thrombopoiesis in SGA newborns.