A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated LMG 2337(T), was isolated from the blood of a patient with endocarditis and characterized. The strain was affiliated with the alphaproteobacterial genus Brevundimonas, with Brevundimonas diminuta LMG 2089(T) (98.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Brevundimonas terrae KSL-145(T) (97.5 %) as its closest relatives. This affiliation was supported by chemotaxonomic data: the G+C content was 66.3 mol %, the major polar lipids were phosphatidyl diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl glucopyranosyl diacylglycerol and the major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (one or more of C(18 : 1)ω 7c, C(18 : 1)ω 9t and C(18 : 1)ω 12t) and C(16 : 0). Strain LMG 2337(T) displayed an unusually broad substrate spectrum. The results from DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain LMG 2337(T) from all of the type strains of hitherto-described Brevundimonas species. The strain therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Brevundimonas vancanneytii sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain LMG 2337(T) (=CCUG 1797(T) =ATCC 14736(T)).